Kathmandu Valley is facing worsening air pollution as dense winter smog continues to blanket the region, pushing air quality levels into the unhealthy category. Environmental monitoring stations have reported a sharp rise in particulate matter, especially PM2.5, posing serious health risks to residents.
Experts say the deterioration is driven by a combination of factors common during winter months. Low temperatures, minimal wind movement, and temperature inversion are trapping pollutants close to the ground. Emissions from vehicles, brick kilns, construction activities, open waste burning, and household heating are adding to the already polluted air.
Health professionals have warned that prolonged exposure to polluted air can aggravate respiratory problems, asthma, heart disease, and eye irritation. Children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing health conditions are considered most vulnerable. Hospitals in the valley have reported an increase in patients complaining of breathing difficulties and persistent coughs.
The Department of Environment has advised residents to limit outdoor activities, wear protective masks, and keep doors and windows closed during peak pollution hours, especially in the early morning and evening. Authorities have also urged construction companies to follow dust-control measures and called for stricter enforcement against open burning.
Environmentalists stress that while winter smog is a seasonal issue, long-term solutions are needed. They recommend promoting public transport, controlling emissions from brick kilns, managing road dust, and accelerating the shift toward cleaner energy to prevent Kathmandu’s air quality crisis from worsening in the years ahead.
As winter deepens, officials warn that air quality may remain poor unless immediate mitigation measures are taken and favorable weather conditions help disperse the pollutants.